ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo es discutir los aspectos relativos al tratamiento y diagnóstico de la otitis media en el perro, haciendo énfasis en las complicaciones más frecuentes observadas luego de una ablación total del canal auditivo con osteotomía de la bulla timpánica, procedimiento que en la actualidad se considera el tratamiento de elección. Además, se expone el ámbito clínico en el cual se indica esta intervención considerando otras condiciones diferentes de la otitis media. Se contrasta de manera crítica la experiencia de los autores con la literatura publicada referente a este tema en algunos aspectos que conciernen a la técnica quirúrgica y el diagnóstico.
SUMARY The purpose of this article is to discuss the aspects related to the treatment and diagnosis of otitis media in dogs, emphasizing the most frequent complications observed after a total ablation of the auditory canal with osteotomy of the tympanic bulla, a procedure that is currently considered the treatment of choice. Additionally, the clinical setting in which this intervention is indicated is exposed, considering other conditions other than otitis media. The experience of the authors with the published literature regarding this topic is critically contrasted in some aspects that concern the surgical technique and the diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
O propósito deste trabalho foi determinar a viabilidade da ultrassonografia para avaliar o canal auditivo externo de cães, aferindo a espessura e arquitetura da parede do conduto auditivo e bula timpânica. Foram avaliados 10 cães da raça Retriever do Labrador não portadores de otite externa. O exame foi realizado com o aparelho de ultrassonografia bidimensional e transdutor linear de 14 MHz, com todos os animais sob efeito de anestesia geral. O exame foi efetivado antes e depois do conduto ser preenchido com solução salina, promovendo uma janela acústica anecóica. A artéria maxilar foi identificada com o Doppler colorido o que facilitou a localização da bula timpânica em todos os cães. A definição da imagem da parede proximal ao transdutor foi pior quando comparada à parede distal em todos os animais, isto devido à proximidade da parede com a face de leitura do transdutor. Nos cães que apresentavam uma maior quantidade de cerúmen a superfície do epitélio estava com uma camada hiperecóica mais evidente. A membrana timpânica não foi identificada em nenhum animal. Conclui-se que ultrassonografia é viável e deve ser mais pesquisada na contribuição diagnóstica das doenças óticas em cães.
The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of ultrasonographic evaluation of the external ear in dogs. The thickness and architecture of the ear wall and tympanic bulla of 10 Labrador Retrievers without ear disease was evaluated. The examination was performed with an ultrasound system and a 14 MHz bidimentional linear-array transducer and general anesthesia, before and after the infusion of saline solution into the ear canal. The maxillary artery was identified with color Doppler and helped to establish the location of the tympanic bulla in all dogs. The proximal wall was less well-defined when compared with the distal wall of the ear canal. Dogs with increased ceruminal content within the ear canal showed a hypoechoic epithelium. The tympanic membrane was not identified. It was concluded that ultrasound evaluation is feasible and needs to be explored as clinical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of ear diseases in dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Diagnostic Imaging , Ear Canal , Dogs , Ear Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
The morphology and relative size of the tympanic bulla of three species of dasypodids from Argentina, Chaetophractus villosus, C. vellerosus and Zaedyus pichiy, were studied. The bulla was observed to be morphologically similar and evidently hypertrophied in the three species. The degree of hypertrophy was higher in C. vellerosus and C. villosus than in Z pichiy. By means of ANCOVA it was clear that, although C. villosus has a bigger skull than C. vellerosus, the relative size of their tympanic cavity was similar in both species. On the other hand, the skull of C. vellerosus and Z pichiy are of similar size but the bulla was relatively shorter in the later.
Fueron estudiados la morfología y el tamaño relativo de la bula timpánica, en tres especies de dasipódidos de la Argentina, Chaetophractus villosus, C. vellerosus and Zaedyus pichiy. Se observaron una morfología similar y una hipertrofia evidente en la bula en las tres especies. El grado de hipertrofia fue mayor en C. vellerosus y C. villosus que en Z pichiy. Mediante ANCOVA se demostró que, aunque el cráneo de C. villosus es mayor que el de C. vellerosus, el tamaño relativo de la bula fue similar en ambas especies. Por otra parte, la bula de Z pichiy es relativamente más pequeña que la de C. vellerosus, a pesar que sus cráneos son de tamaño similar.